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Making history

Dramatic pictures by female war journalist Margaret Bourke-White show the despair of Buchenwald and a striking Gandhi portrait

Margaret Bourke-White broke down gender barriers and was the first female journalist to work in combat zones during WWII

FOR decades, Margaret Bourke-White travelled the world documenting life at the height of political tension with her camera.

Her photo-journalistic images humanised major historical events, including World War II and the India-Pakistan partition violence.

 Life photographer Margaret Bourke-White taking a photo while balancing precariously from the Chrysler Building
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Life photographer Margaret Bourke-White taking a photo while balancing precariously from the Chrysler BuildingCredit: Getty Images

New York-born Margaret decided to leave behind her zoology degree at Columbia University to pursue her interest in photography.

After moving to Cleveland, Ohio, she set up her own commercial studio and focused her efforts on architectural and industrial photography.

One of her first projects captured the workers at Otis Steel Company.

 1945: Civilians packing on to overcrowded train leaving postwar Berlin
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1945: Civilians packing on to overcrowded train leaving postwar BerlinCredit: The LIFE Picture Collection
 1946: View of barefoot miners as they sit over the edge of a landing that overlooks a courtyard in the Robinson Deep mine compound, Johannesburg, South Africa
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1946: View of barefoot miners as they sit over the edge of a landing that overlooks a courtyard in the Robinson Deep mine compound, Johannesburg, South AfricaCredit: The LIFE Picture Collection

She impressed her clients by working inside the gritty mill and also overcame tricky shooting conditions by using new magnesium flare technology, which brought light to the images.

Her work with Otis Steel Company attracted global attention, and Margaret was hired as the first female photojournalist for LIFE magazine in 1936.

 1943: American singer Martha Raye performs for an audience of American soldiers during a USO tour for troops still stationed in postwar North Africa
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1943: American singer Martha Raye performs for an audience of American soldiers during a USO tour for troops still stationed in postwar North AfricaCredit: The LIFE Picture Collection
 1938: Members of the Nazi-oriented Sudeten German Party salute during a rally, Czechoslovakia
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1938: Members of the Nazi-oriented Sudeten German Party salute during a rally, CzechoslovakiaCredit: The LIFE Picture Collection
 1937: Flood victims queue to get hold of basic necessities of life following the Great Ohio River flood
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1937: Flood victims queue to get hold of basic necessities of life following the Great Ohio River floodCredit: Getty Images

One of her most iconic images depicted victims of the Great Ohio River flood of 1937.

The provocative picture shows people queuing for food and clothing from the Red Cross relief station, in front of a billboard ironically preaching: “World’s highest standard of living, there’s no way like the American way.”

Remarkably, Bourke-White was the first ever female war correspondent, and also the first woman to be allowed to work in combat zones in WWII.

This great achievement was honoured when she was made a Women's History Month Honouree by the National Women's History Project.

 The Liberation of Buchenwald, 1945: Gaunt, hollow-eyed concentration camp survivors grip barbed wire fence and stare in wonderment during their liberation
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The Liberation of Buchenwald, 1945: Gaunt, hollow-eyed concentration camp survivors grip barbed wire fence and stare in wonderment during their liberationCredit: Getty Images
 1945: Watched by former inmates of the Buchenwald concentration camp, Czech doctors examine an emaciated Hungarian Jew, following the camp's liberation
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1945: Watched by former inmates of the Buchenwald concentration camp, Czech doctors examine an emaciated Hungarian Jew, following the camp's liberationCredit: The LIFE Picture Collection
 1945: Half-starved inmates at Buchenwald lying in their bunks, during liberation by American forces
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1945: Half-starved inmates at Buchenwald lying in their bunks, during liberation by American forcesCredit: The LIFE Picture Collection

In 1945, Margaret visited Nazi concentration camp Buchenwald, which is located near Weimar, Germany.

She later told the Dear Fatherland, Rest Quietly, project that it was difficult to cope with some of the harrowing war scenes she had witnessed.

The photographer confessed: "Using a camera was almost a relief. It interposed a slight barrier between myself and the horror in front of me.”

 1946: In the aftermath of riots, a line of people sit beside a wall, Calcutta, India
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1946: In the aftermath of riots, a line of people sit beside a wall, Calcutta, IndiaCredit: The LIFE Premium Collection
 1946: Margaret Bourke-White's iconic portrait of civil disobedience leader Gandhi
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1946: Margaret Bourke-White's iconic portrait of civil disobedience leader GandhiCredit: The LIFE Picture Collection
 1948: Crowds watching Mohandas K. Gandhi's funeral, as some spectators climb narrow tower to get better view
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1948: Crowds watching Mohandas K. Gandhi's funeral, as some spectators climb narrow tower to get better viewCredit: The LIFE Picture Collection

Other renowned images taken by the Bourke-White were published during the India-Pakistan partition violence.

She was also the woman behind an iconic photograph of Mahandas K. Gandhi.

The Indian independence movement leader looks deep in thought in the portrait that shows him sitting beside a spinning wheel.

 1939: A young refugee from Madrid clutches a piece of bread in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War bombings
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1939: A young refugee from Madrid clutches a piece of bread in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War bombingsCredit: Getty Images
 1941: Wartime Chinese orphans stand with their hands over their ears as they sing a bombing song, Oom, Oom, Oom (the sound of the planes)
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1941: Wartime Chinese orphans stand with their hands over their ears as they sing a bombing song, Oom, Oom, Oom (the sound of the planes)Credit: The LIFE Picture Collection
 Margaret Bourke-White's incredible images have been displayed on gallery walls for decades, including this South African anti-police terror campaign shot
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Margaret Bourke-White's incredible images have been displayed on gallery walls for decades, including this South African anti-police terror campaign shotCredit: Getty Images

After 18 years of battling with Parkinson’s disease, Margaret passed away in a Connecticut hospital aged 67.

Her legacy has lived on, as her photographs have lined the walls of countless museums and even in the Library of Congress.

In 1989, a TV film about her life, Double Exposure: The Story of Margaret Bourke-White, was released.

Her snaps have also been released in a number of biographies and photo collections.

Margaret Bourke-White isn't the only photographer to encapsulate history in her work.

Last year, TIME magazine compiled their 100 most influential photos of all time.

One of the iconic images, of a Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc, was recently colourised by artist Marina Amaral.

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